Dept. of Biochem. & Mol. Biophysics, 630 West 168th Str., New York, NY 10032, USA
$ Corresponding author: rost@columbia.edu,
http://cubic.bioc.columbia.edu/
Tel: +1-212-305-3773, fax: +1-212-305-7932
Table 1: Experimentally verified NLS motifs
NLS A Protein
B Reference C
RRMKWKK PDX-1 Moede et al., 1999
RVHPYQR QKI-5 Wu et al., 1999
KRPACTLKPECVQQLLVCSQEAKK HCDA Somasekaram et al., 1999
PKKKRKV SV40 LrgT Kalderon et al., 1984
GKKRSKA H2B Moreland et al., 1987
KAKRQR v-Rel Gilmore and Temin, 1988
RGRRRRQR Amida Irie et al., 2000
RKRRR Amida Irie et al., 2000
PPVKRERTS RanBP3 Welch et al., 1999
PYLNKRKGKP Pho4p Welch et al., 1999
CYGSKNTGAKKRKIDDA DNAhelicaseQ1 Miyamoto et al., 1997
KKKKRKREK LEF-1 Prieve et al., 1998
KKKRRSREK TCF-1 Prieve et al.,. 1998
Krx{7,9}PQPKKKP p53-NLS1 Liang and Clarke, 1999
KVTKRKHDNEGSGSKRPK Hum-Ku70 Koike et al., 1999
RLKKLKCSKx{19}KTKR GAL4 Chan et al., 1998
RKRIREDRKx{18}RKRKR TCPTP Chan et al., 1998
RRERx{4}RPRKIPR BDV-P Schwemmle et al., 1999
KKKKKEEEGEGKKK act/inh betaA Blauer et al., 1999
PRPRKIPR BDV-P Shoya et al., 1998
PPRIYPQLPSAPT BDV-P Shoya et al., 1998
KDCVINKHHRNRCQYCRLQR TR2 Yu et al., 1998
Krx{9}KTKK THOV NP Weber et al., 1998
APKRKSGVSKC PolyomaVP1 Chang et al., 1992
RKKRRQRRR HIV-1 Tat Truant et al., 1999
RQARRNRRRRWR HIV-1 Rev Truant et al., 1999
MPKTRRRPRRSQRKRPPT Rex Palmeri and Malim, 1999
KRPMNAFIVWSRDQRRK SRY Sudbeck and Scherer, 1997
PRRRK SRY Sudbeck and Scherer, 1997
KRPMNAFMVWAQAARRK SOX9 Sudbeck and Scherer, 1997
PRRRK SOX9 Sudbeck and Scherer, 1997
[KAR]TPIQKHWRPTVLTEGPPVKIRIETGEWE[KA] ASVintegrase Kukolj G. 1998
PPRKKRTVV NS5A Ide et al., 1996
YKRPCKRSFIRFI DNAse EBV Liu et al., 1998
LKDVRKRKLGPGH DNAse EBV Lyons et al., 1987
KRPRP AdenovE1a Bouvier and Baldacci, 1995
RKRKK YstDNApolalpha Hsieh et al., 1998
RRSMKRK hVDR Vihinen-Ranta et al., 1997
PAKRARRGYK CPV capsid Kaneko et al., 1997
RKCLQAGMNLEARKTKK hGlu.cort. Kaneko et al., 1997
RRERNKMAAAKCRNRRR CFOS Kaneko et al., 1997
KRMRNRIAASKCRKRKL CJUN Kaneko et al., 1997
A: NLS motif: motif found, notation: '[KR]' used as 'K or R', i.e. any of the two amino acids valid at that position, 'x' for 'any amino acid', 'x{9}' for '9 times x', and 'x{7,9}' for 'at least 7, at most 9 times x' ; B Protein: names taken from original; C Reference: publication of NLS.
Table 1: contd.
NLS A Protein
B Reference C
KKSKKGRQEALERLKKA HDNApolalpha Kaneko et al., 1997
RKEWLTNFMEDRRQRKL HDNAtopoII Kaneko et al., 1997
KKQTTLAFKPIKKGKKR HDNAtopoII Kaneko et al., 1997
RKRKKMPASQRSKRRKT HBLM Kaneko et al., 1997
RAIKRRPGLDFDDDGEGNSKFLR HARNT Eguchi et al., 1997
SxGTKRSYxxM InfluenzaNP Wang et al., 1997
TKRSxxxM InfluenzaNP Wang et al., 1997
RIRKKLR P54 Mizuno et al., 1996
KRAAEDDEDDDVDTKKQK HProTalpha Rubstov et al., 1997
GRKRKKRT Tst1/Oct6 Sock et al., 1996
KKKQKK 20Sproteasome Knuehl et al., 1996
REKKEKEQKEKCA prot.Hsc9 Nederlof et al., 1995
LEKKVKKKFDWCA prot.Hsci Nederlof et al., 1995
TEKK[QG]KSILYDCA prot.Hsc3 Nederlof et al., 1995
SDKKVRSRLIECA Ta alpha Nederlof et al., 1995
LKRKLQR Pax-QNR Carriere et al., 1995
RRKGKEK Hunt.Dis.prot. Bessert et al.,1995
CKRKTTNADRRKA MyoD Vandromme et al., 1995
VNEAFETLKRC MyoD Vandromme et al., 1995
MPTEERVRKRKESNRESARRSRYRKAAHLK Opaque2 Hicks and Raikhel, 1995
KVNSRKRRKEVPGPNGATEED CTP Wang et al., 1995
PRRGPR HCV Chang et al., 1994
PRGRRQPIPKARQP HCV Chang et al., 1994
KRSAEGGNPPKPLKKLR P110RB1 Zacksenhaus et al., 1993
KRKx{11}KKKSKK hpoly(ADP)poly Schreiber et al., 1992
EYLSRKGKLEL VirD2-Nterm Tinland et al., 1992
PKRPRDRHDGELGGRKRARG VirD2-Cterm Tinland et al., 1992
KRPAATKKAGQAKKKK Nucloplasmin Robbins et al., 1991
KRKKEMANKSAPEAKKKK Nucleolin Schmidt-Zachmann & Nigg, 1993
RKRAFHGDDPFGEGPPDKK ICP-8 Gao and Knipe, 1992
GGGx{3}KNRRx{6}RGGRN Nab2 Truant et al., 1998
YNNQSSNFGPMKGGN M9 Bonifaci et al., 1997
PAAKRVKLD LscMyc Welch et al. 1999
KRPAEDMEEEQAFKRSR HumKprotein Michael et al., 1997
SxGTKRSYxxM FluA Weber et al., 1998
MNKIPIKDLLNPG Mat-alpha Hall et al., 1984
PKKARED polyoma Lrg-T Richardson et al., 1986
VSRKRPR polyoma Lrg-T Richardson et al., 1986
APTKRKGS SV40 VP1 Wychowski et al., 1986
PNKKKRK SV40 VP2 Wychowski et al., 1987
EEDGPQKKKRRL polyoma VP2 Chang et al., 1992
PLLKKIKQ c-myb Dang and Lee, 1989
PPQKKIKS N-myc Dang and Lee, 1989
PQPKKKP P53 Dang and Lee, 1989
SKRVAKRKL c-erb-A Dang and Lee, 1989
IKYFKKFPKD yeast SKI3 Rhee et al., 1989
KTRKHRG L29 Underwood and Fried, 1990
KHRKHPG L29 Underwood and Fried, 1990
PQSRKKLR Max Kato et al., 1992
HRKYEAPRHx{6}PRKR L3 Moreland et al., 1985
KKEKKKSKK Dyskerin Youssoifan et al., 1999
(Bessert et al., 1995; Blauer et al., 1999; Bonifaci et al., 1997;
Bouvier and Baldacci, 1995; Carriere et al., 1995; Chan et al.,
1998; Chang et al., 1992a; Chang et al., 1992b; Chang et al.,
1994; Dang and Lee, 1989; Eguchi et al., 1997; Gao and Knipe,
1992; Gilmore and Temin, 1988; Hall et al., 1984; Hicks and Raikhel,
1995; Hsieh et al., 1998; Ide et al., 1996; Irie et al., 2000;
Kalderon et al., 1984; Kaneko et al., 1997; Kato et al., 1992;
Knuehl et al., 1996; Koike et al., 1999; Kukolj et al., 1998;
Liang and Clarke, 1999; Liu et al., 1998; Lyons et al., 1987;
Mattaj and Englmeier, 1998; Michael et al., 1997; Miyamoto et
al., 1997; Mizuno et al., 1996; Moede et al., 1999; Moreland et
al., 1987; Moreland et al., 1985; Nederlof et al., 1995; Palmeri
and Malim, 1999; Prieve et al., 1998; Rhee et al., 1989; Richardson
et al., 1986; Robbins et al., 1991; Rubtsov et al., 1997; Schmidt-Zachmann
and Nigg, 1993; Schreiber et al., 1992; Schwemmle et al., 1999;
Shoya et al., 1998; Sock et al., 1996; Somasekaram et al., 1999;
Sudbeck and Scherer, 1997; Tinland et al., 1992; Truant and Cullen,
1999; Truant et al., 1998; Underwood and Fried, 1990; Vandromme
et al., 1995; Vihinen-Ranta et al., 1997; Wang et al., 1997; Wang
et al., 1995; Weber et al., 1998; Welch et al., 1999; Wu et al.,
1999; Wychowski et al., 1986; Wychowski et al., 1987; Youssoufian
et al., 1999; Yu et al., 1998; Zacksenhaus et al., 1993)
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